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1 Read the proposed government schemes and respond to them using Exam tip: For the IELTS Speaking exam, learn the words for the job you. Plenty of people make a career of pageant coaching. But Alverson is perhaps unique in the expertise he brings from his day job.
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– Despite shutdown, U.S. employers add robust K jobs in January
The healthy gain the government reported Friday illustrated the job market’s durability nearly a decade into the economic expansion. The U. The unemployment usa gov federal hiring me part time did rise in January to 4 percent from 3.
The government on Friday also sharply revised down its estimate of job growth in December, tofrom a previously estimatedStill, hiring has accelerated since last summer, a development that has surprised economists because hiring typically slows when unemployment is so low. Diane Swonk, chief economist at Grant Thornton, said that many federal workers and contractors likely went out and found part-time work during the day shutdown.
The ability of many of them to do so is itself a sign of the job market’s strength, Swonk said. Most usa jobs government jobs login pageant gowns with – usa jobs government jobs login pageant gowns wit of the economy reported solid hiring gains in January. Education and health care added 55, jobs, retailers nearly 21, and professional and business services, which includes such usa jobs government jobs login pageant gowns with – usa jobs government jobs login pageant gowns wit positions as engineers and architects, 30, The ongoing demand for workers is leading some businesses to offer higher pay to attract and keep staff.
Average hourly wages rose перейти на источник. That’s just below the annual gain of 3.
On a monthly basis, from December to January, wages barely rose, though. That’s likely to keep the Federal Reserve unlikely to raise interest rates in the coming months, economists said. Chairman Jerome Powell said earlier this week that the case for raising the Fed’s benchmark rate had weakened.
Many economists and investors took that as a sign that a rate increase is unlikely any time in the coming months. Swonk cautioned that some quirks likely inflated last month’s job gain. For example, some of the furloughed federal workers and contractors who took part-time jobs during the day government shutdown might продолжить чтение been counted as having two jobs during January. Now that the shutdown has ended, these people will go back to being counted as having just one job beginning in February.
And for most of January, the weather was relatively warm in much of the United States, which likely boosted construction employment, which rose 52, the most in nearly a year. The strong job market, though, is encouraging more people who weren’t working to begin looking.
The proportion of Americans who either have a job or are seeking one — which had been unusually low since the recession ended a decade ago — reached The partial government shutdown causedworkers to miss two детальнее на этой странице. But because these workers will eventually receive back pay, they were counted as employed in the survey of businesses that produces the monthly job gain.
But in a separate survey of households that’s used to calculate the unemployment rate, some of these people were counted as temporarily jobless. That’s a key действительно. canada day events 2020 vancouver canucks vsdc download еще why the unemployment rate rose despite the healthy job gain. Most economists have forecast that the shutdown will likely slow economic growth for the first three months of this year. But some say that even businesses that lost income from the shutdown likely held onto their staffs, knowing 2020 in nearby movies vancouver day canada the shutdown would only be temporary.
Friday’s solid jobs report provided a dose of reassurance that the economy remains mostly healthy and likely to shake off any effects of the shutdown. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that the shutdown slowed annual growth for the January-March quarter by about 0. The main reason for the temporary economic loss this quarter is that the federal government spent less.
But thousands of government workers who missed two paychecks also cut back on their spending. In addition, many businesses across the country lost income. Tourists cut back on visits to national parks, for example, thereby hurting nearby restaurants and hotels. Yet with unemployment so low and many companies struggling to fill jobs, layoffs might not have been widespread. The partial government shutdown has delayed the release of a range of government data about the economy, including statistics on housing, factory orders, and fourth-quarter growth.
The reports that have been released have been mixed. The Federal Reserve’s industrial production report showed that manufacturing output rose in December by the most in nearly a year, boosted by auto production.
But consumer confidence fell in January for a third straight month as Americans’ optimism dimmed amid the shutdown and sharp drops in the stock market. And the housing market has slumped as mortgage rates have increased. This site no longer supports your current browser. Please use a modern and up-to-date browser version for the best experience. Chrome — Firefox — Safari — Edge. Subscribe Manage my subscription Activate my subscription Log in Log out.
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Chapter 1 Chapter 1. Chapter 2 Chapter 2. Chapter 3 Chapter 3. Chapter 4 Chapter 4. Chapter 5 Chapter 5. Conclusion Conclusion. End Matter. Notes Get access. Cite Icon Cite. Permissions Icon Permissions. Select Format Select format. You do not currently have access to this chapter. Sign in Get help with access. Get help with access Institutional access Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases.
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When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. You can also read the sample answers in the audio scripts section at the back of the book. Write down any useful vocabulary and grammatical structures.
Be aware that ‘vocabulary’ consists of more than just single words : also pay attention to bigger chunks of language, such as phrases and collocations. It is recommended that you play the sample answers a second time. This time, read the words as you listen, imitating as closely as possible the native speakers’ pronunciation. It is very important that you do not memorise entire sentences or answers. IELTS examiners are trained to spot this and will change the topic if they think you are repeating memorised answers.
With its structured approach, wide range of relevant exercises, and exam tips and techniques, Speaking for fELTS should equip you with the skills and language, as well as the confidence, necessary to tackle unfamiliar questions on the day of the exam.
Unit 12 is a complete practice speaking test. This unit should be done under exam conditions including setting yourself the time limits that are suggested. There is also a sample answer for this complete practice test so you can listen to the audio and read the audio script to further learn from the experience of sitting this practice test. General Training is for people who wish to migrate to an English-speaking country. The Test There are four modules: Listening 30 minutes, plus 10 minutes for transferring answers to the answer sheet NB: the audio is heard only once.
They may contain diagrams , charts, etc. The interview is recorded. Part 1: introductions and general questions [ mins Part 2: individual long turn [ mins – the candidate is given a task, has one minute to prepare, then talks for minutes, with some questions from the examiner. Part 3: two-way discussion [ mins : the examiner asks further questions on the topic from Part 2, and gives the candidate the opportunity to discuss more abstract issues or ideas.
Timetabling Listening, Reading and Writing must be taken on the same day, and in the order listed above. Speaking can be taken up to 7 days before or after the other modules. Scoring Each section is given a band score. The average of the four scores produces the Overall Band Score. You do not pass or failiELTS; you receive a score. Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation well.
Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reason ing. Can use and understand fa irly complex language, particularly in familiar situations.
Should be able to handle basic communication in own field. Has frequent problems in understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English. Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated words.
No assessable information provided. Here are some examples of how marks are translated into band scores : Listening: 16 out of 40 correct answers: band score 5 23 out of 40 correct answers: band score 6 30 out of 40 correct answers: band score 7 Reading 15 out of 40 correct answers: band score 5 23 out of 40 correct answers: band score 6 30 out of 40 correct answers: band score 7 Writing and Speaking are marked according to performance descriptors.
Draw a table like the one below and put the words into the correct column. Positive Negative 3 Which adjectives from Exercise 1 would you use to describe yourself?
Example: I take after my dad – we’re both quite careless. How do they describe their relatives and their relationships with them? Look up any language you do not know in your dictionary and make a note of it. Complete sentences with the modifying adverbs you hear. CD1 1 She’s outgoing and 6 She’s nosy. Example : She’s really outgoing. He was so creative. Example : She ‘s so nosy 3 If we say something negative about someone, e.
She is impatient, or He is unreliable, it can sound rude or too direct. We often ‘soften ‘ negative comments for this reason. Pay particular attention to your pronunciation, Examples : She ‘s really outgoing and sociable – she’s always going out with friends and colleagues.
He ‘s not very reliable, so, for example, if I email him, he won ‘t respond. She ‘s terribly blunt, which means she quite often upsets us with the things she says. Remember to modify the adjectives and explain or expand on each characteristic. Do not write down what you want to say and read it out; you will not be able to do that in the exam.
You must not memorize whole sentences or whole answers. You must speak spontaneously. The examiner will then ask you general questions on three familiar topic areas. The first topic will be Studies , Work or Where you live. In each unit of this book, you will practise answering Part 1 questions on one topic.
Part 1 tests your ability to communicate opinions and information on eve ryday topics and common experiences. Listen to each question and give your answer. Try to use some of the vocabulary and language you have learnt in this unit. Now listen to the sample answers.
You do not have to cover all the points and you do not have to talk about them in order. You will be given one m inute to prepare your talk, and you will be given a pencil and paper to make notes [do not write on the task card.
You must talk for one to two minutes on the topic. The examiner will then ask you one or two questions on the same topic.
Part 2 tests your ability to talk at length, organising your ideas coherently. Give yourself one minute to plan your answer, making notes if you wish. Then talk for one to two minutes. Remember: you can use. Describe a close friend. Judging from the tenses used in each question, which tenses are you likely to use in your responses? Then read the extracts below. What tenses does the speaker use and why does he use those tenses?
Pronunciation: Weak and strong forms 17 Some words have two pronunciations: a strong form and a weak form. In normal speech, we usually use the weak form as in the sentences below. Look at sentences , and circle the prepositions. Listen and repeat, taking care not to stress the weak forms.
Exam tip: If you use weak forms correctly, you will be more fluent and you will sound more like a native speaker. This will get you higher marks in the exam. Listen and repeat the strong and weak prepositions. Note that to and for have different weak forms when they come before vowel sounds. You will find a full guide to reading phonetic symbols at the back of this book. I’m going to Egypt. This is for Andy. If they are strong, give a reason from the list a-c above. Exam tip: Other function words [or grammatical words] also have weak forms.
Practise using weak forms by saying sentences that have prepositions in them. Having a good vocabulary is not just about knowing lots of words and phrases. You have to know how to use them. If you use slang in the exam, it might sound inappropriate. Equally, some words that are extremely formal or old-fashioned are not often used in speaking, and might also sound inappropriate. Which of the words are informal and which are old-fashioned?
For example, what part of speech is folks? What part of speech is formal? For example : formalise. Is it used in all English-speaking countries or just in some countries? For example, is bloke used in the UK or the US? For example, both slim and skinny mean thin, but which can be insulting and which is complimentary? For example, which syllable is stressed in boyfriend? Which syllable is stressed in acquaintance? Is it an irregular verb [for example, seek-sought-sought] or a noun with an irregular plural [for example, man-men]?
Is it followed by a particular preposition? For example, you know the word friend, but do you know and use all these collocations : a close friend, make friends with somebody , a circle of friends. Do you know any other collocations with friend? Use a dictionary to find answers to the questions in points They allow you to discu ss more abstract issues and ideas.
Part 3 is a discussion between yo u and the exam iner. In th e units of th is book you will hear typ ical Part 3 questions and practise answering th em. Part 3 tests your ability to express and justify opinions, and to analyse, discuss and speculate. Record yourself answering the questions.
Listen to your responses. Try to judge your use of vocabulary, and ask an English- speaking friend to help you if you like. To enrich your vocabulary, find appropriate synonyms for five or more words or phrases. The best way to find new vocabulary is in context, such as in the sample answers in this unit or in an article or book. Listen to the sample answer. Then answer the Part 3 questions again using these new words.
Practise giving your answer. Then read Track 08 on page and use your dictiona ry to check your answers. Create a simiLar card for your own favourite sport and a second one for the most popuLar sport in your country if this is different from your own favourite sport.
You can find information about the sport s on the Internet, as well as in books, magazines and newspapers. Tennis Where is it pLayed? Oil a tellllir court What equipment is needed to pLay it? It’r 90lle to a tie-break. Wl,at a 9reat rl,ot! It’r a battle of the milld or mUCh ar the body. I filld it illterertill9 to ree hOW rome playerr may be hi9hly rkilled but dOll’t l,ave the melltal rtrell9th to will.
Notice that it has two distinct meanings. Definition a If you are on a diet, you eat special kinds of food or you eat less food than usual because you are trying to lose weight. Definition b Your diet is the type and range of food that you regularly eat. Which definition of diet applies in each sentence? Explain why [not]. What do you [notllike about it?
If so , what kind of diet was it and did it work? If you haven’t been on a diet, explain why not. There is one space per letter. Some letters have been given to help you. Record yourself if you can. See also Track 09, page For example, you might be asked about a time when you won a game , and then : you can use the vocabulary to talk about how you played and won a match.
Or you may be : asked to describe a famous person you admire. Then you could descri be a sporti ng hero : and talk about their skill in their sport and a time when they beat an opponent.
It asks about a ‘competition or sporting event’, so you do not have to talk about sport if you are not interested in it. You could talk about another kind of competition, perhaps one that is traditional or popular in your country.
For example, a chess tournament, a singing competition, a beauty pageant, a dancing competition, a strongest man competition, or a debating contest. Describe an exciting competition or sporting event you have witnessed, You should say: what the competition or sporting event was when and where it took place who won and explain why it was exciting.
Pronunciation: Expressing enthusiasm 2 Listen to four people talking about sport. Fantastic, but they are not enthusiastic.
Why do you think they are using this kind of language? Listen to the people again and imitate their intonation. The crowd went wild! When you are enthusiastic, your body language is more dynamic than usual : you may sit forward in your seat, widen your eyes and use your hands. In an emphatic statement, the intonation tends to rise high and then fall dramatically. Copy the speaker, using body language, too.
This will help you focus on expressing enthusiasm by using COl your voice and body rather than just certain words. Expressing intense emotions may make you feel self-conscious, so practising before the exam with a friend will help you. Repeat the sentences, imitating the speaker’s intonation.
The syllables with the most stress are in capitaLs. COl 1 It was aMAzing! We use different into nation to express different emotions. The best way to improve your intonation is to listen to how English-speakers say something, as well as what they say. You could watch a film and listen carefully to how the characters sound when they are.
Pause the film and imitate them. Listen to yourself. How did you express your feelings of enthusiasm? Does your Language express enthusiasm differently from English? Then read Track 13, page and underline the Language used to convey the excitement of the event. COl Is there anything you couLd have used in your own answer? Try and improve on your first performance by showing enthusiasm and using appropriate intonation.
It will heLp if you try and remember your feelings when you watched the competition, and express how you feLt. Do your best to sound and Look enthusiastic when you are telling the most exciting parts of your story, and when you use expressions Like It was incredible!
Think of at least four more phrases. Here are four more ways of giving your opinion. Now express your opinion using phrases a-d above to complete sentences Explain your opinions.
Try creating sentences using some of these. Your government wants to : tax people who are unfit to help pay fo r the ir hea lth care 2 make all children do at least one hou r of sport a day 3 tax smokers because they have more health problems than non-smokers 4 run a campaign informing people what comprises a balanced diet 5 raise the minimum age for alcohol consumpt ion by five years.
Exam tip: Try and use a wide range of phrases for giving your opinion; this will help improve your mark. CD1 Now listen to the sample answer.
Note down any useful vocabulary, then answer the Part 3 questions again using that vocabulary. Vocabulary: Collocations Co llocations are words that are often found together.
Using them will make your English sound more natural. You should not just learn isolated words ; you should also look for new collocat ions and make a note of them. Then draw a table like the one below and write the collocations from Exercise 23 in the correct column. You can look for collocations in the other sample answers as well as in newspaper or magazine articles and online.
This time try to use some of the collocations you have learnt. It is usually a good idea, however, because the points help you to organise what you are going to say. Notice that the candidate has not used full sentences. For example, instead of writing It was a final so the atmosphere was electric, he has written final so atmosph. When we make notes, we often omit less important words such as articles and auxiliary verbs, and we often write only the key words.
Develop your own shorthand in English as this will save you time. Describe an exciting competition or sporting event you have witnessed. You should say: what the competition or sporting event was when and where it took place who won and explain why it was exciting.
Paft tenfef! Don’t fovnd bored!! Has he written just isolated words? Give yourself one minute to plan your answer to the Part 2 Exam question using the ideas in Exercise 1. Whenever you practise Part 2 questions, always give yourself one minute, but no more, so that you learn how best to use the time. The card contains useful vocabulary for talking about studies and work so look up any words you do not know in a dictionary. Example : fvlubarak is from the United Arab Emirates. At school, his favourite subject was fvlaths because.
He uses some useful vocabulary. I give art classes, mainly to 2J people. I may not 3J a great deal but I get an immense amount of 4J because I see people who have barely held a brush before gain in confidence and learn new skills. I don’t think I could cope with having 5J – the monotony would drive me mad. People in offices seem to work 6J , and there’s always the risk of being made 7J or getting 8J. In my current job, I’m 1 OJ for designing flood defence systems and monitoring flood levels.
I must admit that I’m a bit of a nJ 11 J. I’m constantly doing 12J – unpaid, I should add – and so I generally 13J. I would definitely say I live to work, not work to live. Years ago, I did a lot of 14J , advising people in developing countries on installing water supplies. My wife works 17J but she only went back to work last month. Before that, she was a nJ 18J. I think she enjoyed looking after the kids but she’s always been quite 19J so she didn ‘t want to stay a housewife forever.
Education Make sure you can pronounce them correctly. Practise talking about the jobs and explaining something about them [why the job appeals to you, or why it does not, and so onl. Remember to use an article before a job. Examples : I’m a primary school teacher: I’d like to be a flight attendant. The queues outside the job centre just get longer and longer. I’m so nervous. And, if I th ink how naughty my friends and I used to be at school, I’m not surprised! She ‘s only nineteen, after all.
Record your answers. CD1 Now listen to the sample answer and note down any useful words and phrases. Describe your dream job. You should say: what qualifications or experience you would need what the job would involve what you think the most difficult thing about the job would be and explain why it is your dream job.
Example: My dream job would be to teach children to sail. You probably do not know about every aspect of your dream job. For example, you may not kn ow exactly what the job would involve. If this is the case, you will have to speculate. Underline the language the candidate uses to speculate about the job. Example: I imagine the job would involve. Here is some useful language for speculating: maybe, perhaps: Perhaps the job is more difficult than it seems.
It is extremely unlikely that I would ever get such a job. You are guessing, but you are almost certain it is dangerous. You are guessing, but you are almost certain it is not rewarding.
Think about work hours how long and what part of the day they work , how much job satisfaction they have, what their job involves, etc. Examples: Being a politician must be difficult because there:S always somebody who disagrees with you. I’d hazard a guess that a chef works longer hours than a clown. If you had taken that job [in the past , you would be a manager now. If she were a dentist [in the present , she would have got a job in the UK [in the past!.
Listen to each question and record your answers. Now listen to the sample answer. What additional vocabulary could you use in your own answers? Pronunciation: Word stress 4 Underline the syllable that is stressed in words Check your answers in a dictionary.
The stressed syllable is generally louder and longer. Exam tip: Something the examiner will be thinking about as you talk is, ‘Does th is student impose a strain on the listener? If you stress the wrong syllable, the listener may! Always mark the stressed syllable when you note : down a new word.
Read the following rules and answer the questions. Rule a: Two-syllable nouns and adjectives are most often stressed on the first syllable. Can you think of three more? Can you think of any other exceptions? Rule b: There are words that can be either a noun or a verb.
If they are spelt the same and have two syllables, the noun [and adjective] is usually stressed on the first syllable, whereas the verb on the second syllable. Do you know any other words that follow the rule? Try to think of three others. Decide if the words are nouns, adjectives or verbs and underline the stressed syllabLe.
Then practise pronouncing them correctly in the sentences. I’m S They can progress steadily. Then put them in the correct column, below, according to their stress pattern. Use a dictionary if you are still not sure which syllables are stressed. COl Now practise saying the words. Test yourself by writing the words on cards and trying to remember the correct pronunciation. Did you use any of the words from Exercise 16 or 17? If so, did you pronounce them correctly?
Write down ten words you used in your answer that you want to check the pronunciation of. Where is the main stress in these words? Practise saying them in isolation.
Answer the Part 3 questions again, this time paying attention to the pronunciation of these words. For each question, decide which you think is the best. Give reasons why the other answers are less satisfactory. Note: the English is correct in all the answers. It’s a very rewarding job and I earn good mon ey. We get vast numbers of foreigners coming to get dental treatment in Hunga ry because it’s far cheaper here than in many other countries.
As well as being cheap , we offer high quality dental care and our patients are always happy with our work. I had to study for many years to be a dentist but it was worth it. People generally respect you for being a dentist as it’s considered to be a good job, although perhaps it isn ‘t as prestigious as being a doctor.
I could have chosen to be a doctor and in fact, th is is what my father wanted me to do. However, I have some friends who are doctors and they say they work very long hours and can ‘t spend enough time with the ir families. I think I made the right career choice.
I thought interpreting would suit me, therefore, as you have to be a good communicator and of course skilled in foreign languages. I would say the most difficult thing is that we have tight deadlines, so I’ll be given a project and then told it’s to be completed in one week, which is nowhere near enough time. That’s difficult but it doesn’t stop me enjoying my work. It’s often very boring and the meetings last too long. Then answer the questions yourself but this time, try to make sure your answers are relevant and of an appropriate length.
The sentences are all about ways to help the environment. Do you do anything else to help the environment? Practise talking about what you do for the environment and give details.
If you do not do any of the things , say which ideas you think sound the most effective and why. Here are some useful phrases: In our household, we.. I try to reduce my carbon footprint by. Which country is each speaker talking about? Write Wales, Saudi Arabia or Iceland. If you need to, read Tr ack 21 on page Hot climate Cold climate Wet climate Dry climate Complete the texts below with words a-j, which collocate with the words in italics. During this t ime , there is really [2J humidity so it gets awfully [3J and sticky, and we often get [4J torrential , which can cause [5J severe.
In the early summer, before the rains come, it tends to be [6J hot. In the winter, it gets [8J cold. We get [9J winds , so cold th at I have hea rd of people’s ears freezing and then snapping off! Not only that but we get such [lOJ snow that some people’s houses get completely cove red by snowdrifts and they have to be dug out.
It has many meanings. Examples : We often get thick fog. Example : In the summer, it tends to be hot. Examples : In the spring, we sometimes get quite mild weather.
In the rainy season, it tends to be very hot and sticky. Listen to each question and give your answer using language from Exercise 5. Simple sentence : TorrentiaL rain is the main cause of flooding. Simple sentence: We Like to spend our summers by the Lake. Rewrite the simple sentence below as an it-cleft sentence. Cleft sentence : 2 Rewrite the simple sentence below as a what-cleft sentence. Simple sentence: I want to go to the beach. Cleft sentence : o Listen to the sample answers to the Part 1 questions in Exercise 7.
Then read the Track 23, page and underline three cleft sentences. Complete sentences so they are true for you. Then rewrite them as cleft sentences using the structures given. Exam tip: You can use cleft sentences to answer questions the examiner asks you. For example : Examiner: What do you do when it’s cold outside? Candidate: What we tend to do is stay in and watch our favourite films. Examiner: Which season is your favourite? Candidate: Well, what I like best are the transitions between the seasons , when you first feel the weather begin to change.
Describe your favourite season. You should say: what the season is and when it occurs what the weather is like during this season what your typical activities are during this season and explain why it is your favourite season. It would be easy to answer this question using only simple sentences. For example: Most people prefer the summer. My favourite season is spring. It is not too hot. I often go for long walks. However, you will not achieve a high score if you use only simple sentences like this.
We can join the first two sentences using although. Although most people prefer the summer, my favourite season is spring. OR My favourite season is spring although most people prefer the summer. Since it is not too hot, I often go for long walks. But some say that even businesses that lost income from the shutdown likely held onto their staffs, knowing that the shutdown would only be temporary.
Friday’s solid jobs report provided a dose of reassurance that the economy remains mostly healthy and likely to shake off any effects of the shutdown. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that the shutdown slowed annual growth for the January-March quarter by about 0. The main reason for the temporary economic loss this quarter is that the federal government spent less.
But thousands of government workers who missed two paychecks also cut back on their spending. In addition, many businesses across the country lost income. Tourists cut back on visits to national parks, for example, thereby hurting nearby restaurants and hotels. Yet with unemployment so low and many companies struggling to fill jobs, layoffs might not have been widespread.
The partial government shutdown has delayed the release of a range of government data about the economy, including statistics on housing, factory orders, and fourth-quarter growth.
The reports that have been released have been mixed. The Federal Reserve’s industrial production report showed that manufacturing output rose in December by the most in nearly a year, boosted by auto production. But consumer confidence fell in January for a third straight month as Americans’ optimism dimmed amid the shutdown and sharp drops in the stock market. And the housing market has slumped as mortgage rates have increased. This site no longer supports your current browser.
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